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“水錘效(xiào)應”（Water hammer effect ) 

是指當(dāng)打開的閥(fa)門突然關(guan)閉，由于壓(ya)力水流的(de)慣性📐，産生(sheng)🌈水流沖擊(jī)波，并産生(shēng)破壞作用(yòng)，這就是水(shuǐ)利學當⛹🏻‍♀️中(zhōng)的“水(shui)錘效應”，也就是(shì)正水錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關(guan)閉的閥門(men)在突然打(dǎ)開後，也會(huì)産生水錘(chui)，叫負水錘(chuí)，也有一定(ding)的破壞力(lì)，但沒有前(qian)者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效應(yīng)就好像是(shì)追尾，最前(qián)面的車突(tū)然停車了(le)，為後面的(de)車未及時(shi)發現，從而(ér)造成了連(lian)環追尾事(shì)故，緻👌使最(zuì)前面的車(che)破壞嚴重(zhòng)。水錘效應(yīng)就是與這(zhè)🔆個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在(zai)閥門接近(jin)關閉時閉(bì)合元件突(tū)然吸入閥(fa)座😘，稱😘為溶(róng)缸閉鎖效(xiao)應。

溶(róng)缸閉鎖效(xiao)應是由低(dī)推力執行(háng)機構所造(zao)成的，該執(zhi)行機構沒(méi)有足夠的(de)推力以保(bǎo)持在接近(jin)閥座的位(wei)置，導緻泵(beng)的突然關(guān)閉💋或閥門(men)的突然關(guān)閉，從而産(chan)生水錘效(xiao)應。對于控(kòng)☁️制閥，在某(mǒu)些情況下(xià)，快開型流(liu)量特性的(de)閥門也🧑🏽‍🤝‍🧑🏻能(néng)導緻水💜錘(chui)效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.   

雖然水錘(chui)産生很大(dà)的噪音，但(dan)真正的損(sǔn)害是由機(jī)械失效造(zao)成的。因為(wéi)由動能急(ji)劇地變化(hua)成靜态的(de)管線壓力(li)💋，水錘會沖(chong)💞破管線或(huo)損傷管子(zǐ)支架和損(sǔn)害管線接(jie)頭。對于閥(fa)門♋，水錘能(neng)夠通過閥(fá)芯産生嚴(yan)重振動，它(tā)可能導緻(zhì)💋閥芯、墊片(piàn)🙇🏻或填料的(de)失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對于閥門(mén)，防止(zhǐ)水錘的辦(bàn)法是防止系統(tǒng)任何突然(ran)的壓力變(biàn)化。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.  

包(bao)括放慢閥(fa)門本身的(de)關閉速度(du)或當閉合(he)元件接近(jìn)閥🛀座時🏃‍♂️提(ti)供較大程(chéng)度的拉力(lì)和剛性。為(wéi)防止壓力(li)波動，閥門(mén)應♊以均勻(yún)變動的速(su)度進行關(guān)閉。在某些(xiē)情況下，當(dang)使用快開(kāi)特性，可以(yǐ)要求改變(biàn)為等百分(fèn)比特性。對(dui)于在接近(jìn)閥座時✂️必(bì)須節流的(de)控制閥，應(ying)當使用輸(shu)✍️出推力足(zu)夠大的執(zhí)行機構，如(ru)活塞式🥵氣(qi)動執行機(ji)🈲構🐕或液壓(ya)執行機構(gou)，或在手動(dòng)旋轉的操(cāo)作器的行(háng)程套管上(shàng)設👅置特殊(shū)缺口，将減(jian)少或防止(zhi)溶缸閉鎖(suo)效應。在管(guǎn)線系統上(shàng)設置某種(zhǒng)類型的防(fáng)波動措🐉施(shi)也能減少(shǎo)水錘。可使(shi)用壓力洩(xie)放閥或緩(huan)沖桶完成(chéng)。此外氣體(ti)可被注入(ru)系統内，氣(qi)體的注入(ru)能減少流(liu)體的密度(du)并♋提供某(mǒu)些壓縮性(xing)以處理任(ren)何突然的(de)波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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