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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect )

是指當打(dǎ)開的閥門突然(rán)關閉，由于壓力(li)水流的慣性，産(chǎn)生水😍流沖擊波(bo)，并産生破壞作(zuo)用，這就是水利(li)🔴學當中的“水錘效應”，也就是正水錘(chuí)。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關閉(bì)的閥門在突然(ran)打開後，也會産(chan)生水錘，叫負水(shuǐ)錘，也🛀🏻有🌐一定的(de)破壞力，但沒有(yǒu)前者大。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水(shuǐ)錘效應就好像(xiàng)是追尾，最前面(miàn)的車突然停車(che)了，為後面的車(chē)♋未及時發現，從(cóng)而造成了連環(huan)追尾事故，緻使(shǐ)最前面🔴的車破(pò)壞嚴重。水錘效(xiao)應就是與這個(ge)類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在閥門接(jie)近關閉時閉合(hé)元件突然吸入(ru)閥座㊙️，稱為🏃‍♂️溶缸(gang)閉鎖效應。

溶缸閉鎖效應(yīng)是由低推力執(zhí)行機構所造成(chéng)的，該執行機構(gou)沒有足夠的推(tui)力以保持在接(jiē)近閥座的位置(zhi)，導緻泵的🛀突然(rán)關閉或閥門的(de)突然關閉，從而(er)産生水錘效應(ying)。對于控👈制閥，在(zài)某些情況下，快(kuai)開型流量特性(xing)☂️的閥門也能導(dao)緻水錘效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.

雖然水錘産(chan)生很大的噪音(yīn)，但真正的損害(hài)是由機⭐械失🥰效(xiao)造成的。因為由(yóu)動能急劇地變(bian)化成靜态的✔️管(guǎn)線💘壓力，水錘會(huì)沖破管線或損(sǔn)傷管子支架和(hé)損害管線接頭(tóu)。對🌏于閥門，水錘(chuí)能夠通過閥芯(xin)産生嚴❓重振動(dòng)，它❤️可能導緻🌈閥(fa)芯、墊片或填料(liao)的失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對(dui)于閥門，防(fang)止水錘的辦法(fǎ)是防止系(xì)統任何突然的(de)壓力變化。

For valve,the way toprevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.

包括放慢閥門(mén)本身的關閉速(su)度或當閉合元(yuan)件接近閥❓座♊時(shi)提🌈供較大程度(du)的拉力和剛性(xìng)。為防止壓力波(bo)動，閥門應以均(jun1)勻變動的速度(dù)進行關閉。在某(mou)些情況下，當使(shi)用快開特性，可(kě)以要求🧡改變為(wei)等百🧡分比特性(xìng)。對于在接近閥(fa)座時必須節流(liú)的控制閥，應當(dang)使用輸出推力(lì)足夠大的執行(háng)機🈲構，如活塞式(shì)氣動執行機構(gou)或液壓執行機(ji)⚽構，或在手動旋(xuan)㊙️轉的🍉操作器的(de)💜行程套管上設(she)置特殊缺口，将(jiang)減少或防止溶(rong)缸閉鎖效應。在(zài)✍️管線系統上設(she)置某種類型的(de)防波動措施也(ye)能減少水錘。可(kě)使用壓力洩放(fang)閥或緩沖桶完(wán)成。此外✌️氣體可(ke)被注入系統内(nèi)，氣體的注💋入能(neng)減少流體的密(mi)度并提供某些(xiē)壓縮性以處理(li)任何突然的波(bo)動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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